Official title:
Syrian Arab Republic
General Information:
Capital: Damascus
Population: Approximately 23,600,000 (2024 est.)
Total Area: 187,437 sq km
Currency: Syrian Pound (SYP)
National Holiday: Independence Day, 17th April (1946)
Official Language: Arabic
Minority languages: Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian
Foreign languages widely used: French, English
Type of Government:
Presidential republic under the government led by President Bashar al-Assad
Diplomatic and consular representative: Ambassador (Vienna – Austria)
Economy:
- GDP (nominal): ~$20.0 billion (2023 est.)
- GDP (nominal) per capita: ~$847 (2023 est.)
- GDP (PPP): approximately $50–60 billion
- GDP (PPP) per capita: ~$4,600 (2024 est.)
- GDP (real growth rate): Data limited; negative and modest growth in recent years due to conflict
GDP per sector:
- Agriculture: Significant but unquantified in latest consolidated data
- Industry: Heavily affected by conflict and reconstruction
- Services: Limited formal data; large informal sector
Agriculture products: wheat, barley, cotton, olives, fruits, vegetables, nuts
Main industries: petroleum and petrochemicals, food processing, textiles, basic manufacturing (industrial output far below pre-conflict levels)
Trade – Export
Exported commodities: pure olive oil, nuts, phosphates, cotton, garments
Main export partners:
- Turkey ~29%,
- Italy ~13%,
- Germany ~13%,
- Saudi Arabia ~4.8%,
- Iraq ~20% (2023–2024 est.)
Trade – Import
Imported commodities: tobacco, plastics, wheat and other foodstuffs, seed oils, plastic products
Main import partners:
- Turkey (largest),
- China,
- United Arab Emirates,
- Lebanon,
- Egypt (2023–2024 est.)